pancreas diseases : Pancreatic disorders affecting the endocrine and digestive systems

Diseases of the Pancreas

The pancreas is located in the abdomen. It lies behind the stomach, in front of the spine, and is surrounded by the intestines and liver. The gland is approximately six inches long and resembles a compressed bunch of grapes. Proper pancreas function is essential for the production of a number of hormones and digestive enzymes.

The Endocrine System: Insulin and Glucagon Production

The pancreas plays an important role in the endocrine system: it secretes hormones and other chemical substances which are released into the bloodstream.

Specialized clusters of pancreatic cells, known as islet cells, produce a variety of hormones, with each cluster specializing in the production of a specific hormone. For example two hormones produced by these specialized cells are glucagon and insulin. Glucagon breaks down glycogen in the liver, which raises blood sugar levels. Insulin makes it possible for cells to use blood glucose for energy. Thus, healthy pancreas function is necessary for maintaining correct blood sugar levels.

Pancreas Function and the Digestive System

The digestive system is also affected by pancreas function. The gland secretes pancreatic "juices," which travel from the gland through a duct and into the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestine). These juices contain enzymes that are necessary for proper digestion.

Exocrine vs. Endocrine

When pancreas function is discussed, the terms exocrine and endocrine are used. The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream. The exocrine system secretes substances and enzymes required for digestion into the small intestine.

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