pancreas diseases : What is pancreatitis?

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that may occur as an acute, painful attack, or may be a chronic condition developing gradually over time. It is caused when pancreatic enzyme secretions build up and begin to digest the organ itself. Another term for this condition is auto digestion, which occurs when, for some unknown reason, the pancreas' powerful enzymes are activated in the pancreas itself rather than in the duodenum. It is believed that trypsin sets off a domino effect, activating other enzymes to speed the auto digestive process. Risk factors for developing pancreatitis include:

Gallstones
Alcohol use
Some medications
Severe viral or bacterial infection
Injury to the abdomen
Elevated triglyceride levels, called Hyperlipidemia
Elevated calcium blood levels, called Hypercalcemia

Pancreatitis ranges in severity from relatively mild to severe, and in its worst form may not respond to treatment.

Chronic Pancreatitis Explained

Chronic pancreatitis develops over a period of years, most often in individuals who have experienced pancreatic damage from earlier episodes of acute pancreatitis. It is frequently caused by long-term alcohol use, but, as with acute pancreatitis, no cause may be found. Edema (swelling) and inflammation confined to the pancreas are typical symptoms of mild or chronic pancreatitis. Symptoms may develop over a period of time without the sudden dramatic occurrence of an acute attack. However, those with undiagnosed chronic pancreatitis may develop acute episodes. There is a decrease in the secretion of enzymes needed for digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Fat digestion is impaired, resulting in fatty stools. This is called exocrine insufficiency. Recurrent abdominal pain may be accompanied by nausea and weight loss. Diagnostic scans may find stones or areas of calcified tissue within the pancreas. Alcoholism is the most common cause of adult pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, occurring 50 times greater than the rate among nondrinkers.

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